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1 instruct
transitive verb1) (teach) unterrichten [Klasse, Fach]3) (inform) unterrichten* * *1) (to teach or train (a person in a subject or skill): Girls as well as boys should be instructed in woodwork.) unterrichten2) (to order or direct (a person especially to do something): He was instructed to come here at nine o'clock; I have already instructed you how to cook the meat.) anweisen•- academic.ru/38520/instruction">instruction- instructive
- instructively
- instructiveness
- instructor* * *in·struct[ɪnˈstrʌkt]vt1. (teach)▪ to \instruct sb in sth jdm etw beibringen2. (order)▪ to \instruct sb [to do sth] jdn anweisen[, etw zu tun]3. BRIT, AUS LAWto \instruct a solicitor/counsel einen Anwalt beauftragen* * *[ɪn'strʌkt]vt1) (= teach) person unterrichten2) (= tell, direct) person anweisen; (= command) die Anweisung erteilen (+dat); (Brit JUR) solicitor (= give information to) unterrichten, instruieren; (= appoint) lawyer beauftragen; jury instruieren, belehrenI've been instructed to report to you — ich habe (An)weisung, Ihnen Meldung zu erstatten
3) (form: inform) in Kenntnis setzen* * *instruct [ınˈstrʌkt] v/t1. a) unterrichten (in in dat):instruct a class in biology einer Klasse Biologieunterricht geben oder erteilenb) ausbilden, schulen ( beide:in in dat)3. instruieren, anweisen, beauftragen ( alle:to do zu tun):he has been instructed to come earlier er hat Anweisung, früher zu kommenthe judge instructed the jury der Richter erteilte den Geschworenen Rechtsbelehrung* * *transitive verb1) (teach) unterrichten [Klasse, Fach]2) (direct, command) anweisen; die Anweisung erteilen (+ Dat.)3) (inform) unterrichten* * *v.anleiten v.beauftragen v.belehren v.einleiten v.einweisen v.informieren v.instruieren v.unterrichten v.unterweisen v. -
2 use
I ju:z verb1) (to employ (something) for a purpose: What did you use to open the can?; Use your common sense!) usar, utilizar2) (to consume: We're using far too much electricity.) consumir, gastar•- usable- used
- user
- user-friendly
- user guide
- be used to something
- be used to
- used to
II ju:s1) (the act of using or state of being used: The use of force to persuade workers to join a strike cannot be justified; This telephone number is for use in emergencies.) uso, utilización2) (the/a purpose for which something may be used: This little knife has plenty of uses; I have no further use for these clothes.) uso3) ((often in questions or with negatives) value or advantage: Is this coat (of) any use to you?; It's no use offering to help when it's too late.) utilidad4) (the power of using: She lost the use of her right arm as a result of the accident.) uso5) (permission, or the right, to use: They let us have the use of their car while they were away.) uso•- useful- usefulness
- usefully
- useless
- be in use
- out of use
- come in useful
- have no use for
- it's no use
- make good use of
- make use of
- put to good use
- put to use
use1 n1. uso / empleothey gave me the use of their car me dejaron utilizar su coche / pusieron su coche a mi disposición2. sentidowhat's the use of spending all that money? ¿qué sentido tiene gastar tanto dinero? / ¿para qué gastar tanto dinero?it's no use ringing the bell, there's nobody in es inútil llamar al timbre, no hay nadie en casause2 vb usar / utilizarwhat do you use to clean the paintbrushes? ¿qué usas para limpiar los pinceles?how do you use this machine? ¿cómo se utiliza esta máquina?1 uso, empleo, utilización nombre femenino■ directions for use instrucciones de uso, modo de empleo2 (handling) manejo3 (usefulness) utilidad nombre femenino4 (right to use, power to use) uso1 usar, utilizar■ what do you use to remove stains? ¿qué usas para quitar manchas?■ use your handkerchief! ¡utiliza el pañuelo!■ don't cross the road, use the subway no cruces la carretera, utiliza el paso subterráneo2 (consume) gastar, consumir3 (exploit unfairly) aprovecharse de1 (In this sense, if no habit is involved, translate using the imperfect) (past habits) soler, acostumbrar■ where did you use to live? ¿dónde vivías antes?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin use en uso, que se está utilizandoit's no use no sirve de nada, es inútil'Not in use' "No funciona"out of use desusado,-ato be of use ser útil, ser de utilidadwhat's the use of...? ¿de qué sirve... ?■ what's the use of crying? ¿de qué sirve llorar?1) employ: emplear, usar2) consume: consumir, tomar (drogas, etc.)3) utilize: usar, utilizarto use tact: usar tactohe used his friends to get ahead: usó a sus amigos para mejorar su posición4) treat: tratarthey used the horse cruelly: maltrataron al caballo5)to use up : agotar, consumir, gastarwinters used to be colder: los inviernos solían ser más fríos, los inviernos eran más fríosshe used to dance: acostumbraba bailaruse ['ju:s] n1) application, employment: uso m, empleo m, utilización fout of use: en desusoready for use: listo para usarto be in use: usarse, estar funcionandoto make use of: servirse de, aprovechar2) usefulness: utilidad fto be of no use: no servir (para nada)it's no use!: ¡es inútil!3)to have the use of : poder usar, tener acceso a4)to have no use for : no necesitarshe has no use for poetry: a ella no le gusta la poesíav.• emplear (Utilizar) v.• soler v.• usar v.• utilizar v.n.• empleo s.m.• estilo s.m.• gasto s.m.• manejo s.m.• usanza s.f.• uso s.m.• utilidad s.f.
I juːs1) u (of machine, substance, method, word) uso m, empleo m, utilización finstructions for use — instrucciones, modo de empleo
the use of force — el empleo or uso de la fuerza
to lose the use of an arm — perder* el uso de un brazo
to be in use — \<\<machine\>\> estar* funcionando or en funcionamiento; \<\<word/method\>\> emplearse, usarse
to make use of something — usar algo, hacer* uso de algo
I must make better use of my time — debo emplear or aprovechar mejor el tiempo
to put something to good use — hacer* buen uso de algo
2) c (application, function) uso mshe has her uses — para algo sirve, a veces nos (or les etc) es útil
3) u ( usefulness)to be (of) use to somebody — serle* útil or de utilidad a alguien, servirle* a alguien
I'm not much use at cooking — no se me da muy bien la cocina, no sirvo para cocinar
is this (of) any use to you? — ¿te sirve de algo esto?
it's no use — es inútil, no hay manera, no hay caso (AmL)
it's no use complaining — de nada sirve quejarse, no se consigue nada quejándose or con quejarse
what's the use (of -ing)? — ¿de qué sirve (+ inf)?, ¿qué sentido tiene (+ inf)?
4) ( right to use)to have the use of somebody's car/office — poder* usar el coche/la oficina de alguien
II
1. juːz1)a) (for task, purpose) usarthis camera is easy to use — esta cámara es muy fácil de usar or es de fácil manejo
a technique used in this treatment — una técnica que se emplea or se utiliza or se usa en este tratamiento
use your head/imagination — usa la cabeza/la imaginación
to use something to + INF — usar or utilizar* algo para + inf
use a knife to open it — usa or utiliza un cuchillo para abrirla, ábrela con un cuchillo
what's this used for? — ¿y esto para qué sirve or para qué se usa?
to use something AS something — usar algo de or como algo
b) ( avail oneself of) \<\<service/facilities\>\> utilizar*, usar, hacer* uso demay I use your phone? — ¿puedo hacer una llamada or llamar por teléfono?
may I use your toilet? — ¿puedo pasar or ir al baño?
2) ( do with) (colloq)I could use a drink/the money — no me vendría mal un trago/el dinero
3) ( consume) \<\<food/fuel\>\> consumir, usar; \<\<money\>\> gastaruse by 3 Feb 97 — fecha de caducidad: 3 feb 97, consumir antes del 3 feb 97
4) (manipulate, exploit) (pej) utilizar*, usar (esp AmL)I felt I'd been used — me sentí utilizado or (esp AmL) usado
2.
v mod juːs (in neg, interrog sentences)where did you use to live? — ¿dónde vivías?; see also used II
Phrasal Verbs:- use up[juːs]1. N1) (=act of using) uso m, empleo m, utilización f ; (=handling) manejo mthe use of steel in industry — el empleo or la utilización or el uso del acero en la industria
care in the use of guns — cuidado m en el manejo de las armas de fuego
•
fit for use — servible, en buen estado•
in use, word in use — palabra f en uso or que se usato make good use of — sacar partido or provecho de
•
out of use — en desusoit is now out of use — ya no se usa, está en desuso
to go or fall out of use — caer en desuso
•
to put sth to good use — hacer buen uso de algo, sacar partido or provecho de algo•
ready for use — listo (para ser usado)•
it improves with use — mejora con el uso2) (=way of using) modo m de empleo; (=handling) manejo m3) (=function) uso m•
can you find a use for this? — ¿te sirve esto?4) (=usefulness) utilidad f•
to be of use — servir, tener utilidadcan I be of any use? — ¿puedo ayudar?
•
to be no use, he's no use as a teacher — no vale para profesor, no sirve como profesorit's (of) no use — es inútil, no sirve para nada
it's no use discussing it further — es inútil or no vale la pena seguir discutiendo
I have no further use for it — ya no lo necesito, ya no me sirve para nada
I've no use for those who... — no aguanto a los que...
•
what's the use of all this? — ¿de qué sirve todo esto?5) (=ability to use, access)•
to have the use of, to have the use of a garage — tener acceso a un garajeI have the use of it on Sundays — me permiten usarlo los domingos, lo puedo usar los domingos
I have the use of the kitchen until 6p.m. — puedo or tengo permitido usar la cocina hasta las seis
•
he lost the use of his arm — se le quedó inútil el brazo6) (Ling) (=sense) uso m, sentido m2. [juːz]VT1) (gen) usar, emplear, utilizarhe used a knife — empleó or usó or utilizó un cuchillo
are you using this book? — ¿te hace falta este libro?
which book did you use? — ¿qué libro consultaste?
have you used a gun before? — ¿has manejado alguna vez una escopeta?
•
to use sth as a hammer — emplear or usar algo como martillo•
to be used, what's this used for? — ¿para qué sirve esto?, ¿para qué se utiliza esto?I could use a drink! * — ¡no me vendría mal un trago!
•
to use sth for, to use sth for a purpose — servirse de algo con un propósito•
careful how you use that razor! — ¡cuidado con la navaja esa!2) (=make use of, exploit) usar, utilizarhe said I could use his car — dijo que podía usar or utilizar su coche
he wants to use the bathroom — quiere usar el cuarto de baño; (=go to the toilet) quiere ir al lavabo or (LAm) al baño
someone is using the bathroom — el lavabo or (LAm) el baño está ocupado
use your head or brains! * — ¡usa el coco! *
3) (=consume) [+ fuel] consumirhave you used all the milk? — ¿has terminado toda la leche?
4) † (=treat) tratar•
she had been cruelly used by... — había sido tratada con crueldad por...3.VI (Drugs) ** drogarse4.[juːs]AUX VB (gen) soler, acostumbrar (a)I used to go camping as a child — de pequeño solía or acostumbraba ir de acampada
I didn't use to like maths, but now I love it — antes no me gustaban las matemáticas, pero ahora me encantan
- use up* * *
I [juːs]1) u (of machine, substance, method, word) uso m, empleo m, utilización finstructions for use — instrucciones, modo de empleo
the use of force — el empleo or uso de la fuerza
to lose the use of an arm — perder* el uso de un brazo
to be in use — \<\<machine\>\> estar* funcionando or en funcionamiento; \<\<word/method\>\> emplearse, usarse
to make use of something — usar algo, hacer* uso de algo
I must make better use of my time — debo emplear or aprovechar mejor el tiempo
to put something to good use — hacer* buen uso de algo
2) c (application, function) uso mshe has her uses — para algo sirve, a veces nos (or les etc) es útil
3) u ( usefulness)to be (of) use to somebody — serle* útil or de utilidad a alguien, servirle* a alguien
I'm not much use at cooking — no se me da muy bien la cocina, no sirvo para cocinar
is this (of) any use to you? — ¿te sirve de algo esto?
it's no use — es inútil, no hay manera, no hay caso (AmL)
it's no use complaining — de nada sirve quejarse, no se consigue nada quejándose or con quejarse
what's the use (of -ing)? — ¿de qué sirve (+ inf)?, ¿qué sentido tiene (+ inf)?
4) ( right to use)to have the use of somebody's car/office — poder* usar el coche/la oficina de alguien
II
1. [juːz]1)a) (for task, purpose) usarthis camera is easy to use — esta cámara es muy fácil de usar or es de fácil manejo
a technique used in this treatment — una técnica que se emplea or se utiliza or se usa en este tratamiento
use your head/imagination — usa la cabeza/la imaginación
to use something to + INF — usar or utilizar* algo para + inf
use a knife to open it — usa or utiliza un cuchillo para abrirla, ábrela con un cuchillo
what's this used for? — ¿y esto para qué sirve or para qué se usa?
to use something AS something — usar algo de or como algo
b) ( avail oneself of) \<\<service/facilities\>\> utilizar*, usar, hacer* uso demay I use your phone? — ¿puedo hacer una llamada or llamar por teléfono?
may I use your toilet? — ¿puedo pasar or ir al baño?
2) ( do with) (colloq)I could use a drink/the money — no me vendría mal un trago/el dinero
3) ( consume) \<\<food/fuel\>\> consumir, usar; \<\<money\>\> gastaruse by 3 Feb 97 — fecha de caducidad: 3 feb 97, consumir antes del 3 feb 97
4) (manipulate, exploit) (pej) utilizar*, usar (esp AmL)I felt I'd been used — me sentí utilizado or (esp AmL) usado
2.
v mod [juːs] (in neg, interrog sentences)where did you use to live? — ¿dónde vivías?; see also used II
Phrasal Verbs:- use up -
3 instruction
noun1) (teaching) Unterricht, derinstruction manual/instructions for use — Gebrauchsanleitung, die; (for machine etc.) Betriebsanleitung, die
* * *[-ʃən]1) (the act of instructing (especially in a school subject or a skill) or the process of being instructed: She sometimes gives instruction in gymnastics.) der Unterricht2) (an order or direction: You must learn to obey instructions.) die Anweisung3) ((in plural) (a book etc giving) directions, eg about the use of a machine etc: Could I look at the instructions, please?) die Gebrauchsanweisung* * *in·struc·tion[ɪnˈstrʌkʃən]nI was acting on the \instructions of a superior officer ich habe auf Anweisung eines ranghöheren Offiziers gehandeltto have \instructions [or sb's \instructions are] to do sth jd ist angewiesen worden, etw zu tunto carry out sb's \instructions jds Anweisungen [be]folgento give sb \instructions jdm Anweisungen gebento give sb \instruction in sth jdm etw beibringen [o vermitteln]the course gives you basic \instruction in car repairs der Kurs vermittelt Grundkenntnisse darüber, wie man ein Auto repariert3. (directions)▪ \instructions pl Anweisung f, Instruktionen pl\instructions for use Gebrauchsanweisung f* * *[In'strʌkSən]n1) (= teaching) Unterricht minstructions for use — Gebrauchsanweisung f, Gebrauchsanleitung f
* * *instruction [ınˈstrʌkʃn] s1. a) Unterricht m:give a class instruction in biology einer Klasse Biologieunterricht geben oder erteilen; → academic.ru/16754/course">course A 15b) Ausbildung f, Schulung f:he is still under instruction er ist oder steht noch in der Ausbildung2. Informierung f, Unterrichtung f3. Instruktion f:a) Anweisung f, Auftrag m:according to instructions auftrags-, weisungsgemäß, vorschriftsmäßig;b) IT Befehl m4. MIL Dienstanweisung f, Instruktion f5. JURa) Belehrung fb) meist pl Rechtsbelehrung f* * *noun1) (teaching) Unterricht, der2) esp. in pl. (direction, order) Anweisung, die; Instruktion, dieinstruction manual/instructions for use — Gebrauchsanleitung, die; (for machine etc.) Betriebsanleitung, die
* * *n.Anordnung f.Anweisung f.Auftrag -¨e m.Befehl -e m.Belehrung f.Unterricht m. -
4 charge
charge [tʃɑ:dʒ]frais ⇒ 1 (a) inculpation ⇒ 1 (b) accusation ⇒ 1 (c) responsabilité ⇒ 1 (d) charge ⇒ 1 (e), 1 (g), 1 (h) faire payer ⇒ 2 (a) accuser ⇒ 2 (c) inculper ⇒ 2 (d) charger ⇒ 2 (e), 2 (g)-(i), 3 (b), 3 (c)1 noun∎ administrative charges frais mpl de dossier;∎ postal/telephone charges frais mpl postaux/téléphoniques;∎ there's a charge of one pound for use of the locker il faut payer une livre pour utiliser la consigne automatique;∎ is there any extra charge for a single room? est-ce qu'il faut payer un supplément pour une chambre à un lit?;∎ what's the charge for delivery? la livraison coûte combien?;∎ there's no charge for children c'est gratuit pour les enfants;∎ it's free of charge c'est gratuit;∎ there's a small admission charge to the museum il y a un petit droit d'entrée au musée;∎ American will that be cash or charge? vous payez comptant ou vous le portez à votre compte?(b) Law (accusation) chef m d'accusation, inculpation f; (judge's address to the jury) réquisitoire m;∎ he was arrested on a charge of conspiracy il a été arrêté sous l'inculpation d'association criminelle;∎ you are under arrest - on what charge? vous êtes en état d'arrestation - pour quel motif?;∎ to bring or file charges against sb porter plainte ou déposer une plainte contre qn;∎ a charge of drunk driving was brought against the driver le conducteur a été mis en examen pour conduite en état d'ivresse;∎ the judge threw out the charge le juge a retiré l'inculpation;∎ she was acquitted on both charges elle a été acquittée des deux chefs d'inculpation;∎ some of the charges may be dropped certains des chefs d'accusation pourraient être retirés;∎ he pleaded guilty to the charge of robbery il a plaidé coupable à l'accusation de vol;∎ they will have to answer or face charges of fraud ils auront à répondre à l'accusation d'escroquerie;∎ she's laying herself open to charges of favouritism on risque de l'accuser de favoritisme(c) (allegation) accusation f;∎ the government rejected charges that it was mismanaging the economy le gouvernement a rejeté l'accusation selon laquelle il gérait mal l'économie;∎ charges of torture have been brought or made against the regime des accusations de torture ont été portées contre le régime(d) (command, control)∎ who's (the person) in charge here? qui est le responsable ici?;∎ she's in charge of public relations elle s'occupe des relations publiques;∎ can I leave you in charge of the shop? puis-je vous laisser la responsabilité du magasin?;∎ she was in charge of consumer protection elle était responsable de la protection des consommateurs;∎ I was put in charge of the investigation on m'a confié la responsabilité de l'enquête;∎ he was put in charge of 100 men on a mis 100 hommes sous sa responsabilité;∎ to take charge of sth prendre en charge qch, prendre ou assumer la direction de qch;∎ she took charge of organizing the festival elle a pris en charge l'organisation du festival;∎ he took charge of his nephew il a pris son neveu en charge;∎ he had a dozen salesmen under his charge il avait une douzaine de vendeurs sous sa responsabilité∎ to be a charge on sb être une charge pour qn;∎ she refused to be a charge on her family/the State elle refusa d'être une charge pour sa famille/d'être à la charge de l'État∎ the governess instructed her two charges in French and Italian la gouvernante apprit le français et l'italien à ses deux élèves;∎ the nanny is out for a walk with her charges la nourrice est partie se promener avec les enfants qu'elle garde ou dont elle a la charge(g) (duty, mission) charge f;∎ he was given the charge of preparing the defence on l'a chargé de préparer la défense;∎ Law the judge's charge to the jury les recommandations du juge au jury∎ soldiers made several charges against the demonstrators les soldats ont chargé les manifestants à plusieurs reprises∎ the battery needs a charge la batterie a besoin d'être chargée;∎ I left it on charge all night je l'ai laissé charger toute la nuit;∎ American familiar figurative to get a charge out of sth/doing sth (thrill) s'éclater ou prendre son pied avec qch/en faisant qch∎ the doctor charged her $90 for a visit le médecin lui a fait payer ou lui a pris 90 dollars pour une consultation;∎ how much would you charge to take us to the airport? combien prendriez-vous pour nous emmener à l'aéroport?;∎ they didn't charge us for the coffee ils ne nous ont pas fait payer les cafés;∎ you will be charged for postage les frais postaux seront à votre charge∎ charge the bill to my account mettez le montant de la facture sur mon compte;∎ I charged all my expenses to the company j'ai mis tous mes frais sur le compte de la société;∎ American can I charge this jacket? (with a credit card) puis-je payer cette veste avec ma carte (de crédit)?;∎ American charge it mettez-le sur mon compte∎ to charge that sb has done sth accuser qn d'avoir fait qch;∎ the Opposition spokesman charged that the Employment Secretary had falsified the figures le porte-parole de l'opposition a accusé le ministre du Travail ou de l'Emploi d'avoir falsifié les chiffres;∎ he charged his partner with having stolen thousands of pounds from the firm il a accusé son associé d'avoir volé des milliers de livres à l'entreprise∎ I'm charging you with the murder of X je vous inculpe du meurtre de X;∎ he was charged with assaulting a policeman il a été inculpé de voies de fait sur un agent de police∎ the police charged the crowd les forces de l'ordre ont chargé la foule;∎ the troops charged the building les troupes donnèrent l'assaut au bâtiment∎ I was charged with guarding the prisoner je fus chargé de la surveillance du prisonnier;∎ I charge you to find the stolen documents je vous confie la tâche de retrouver les documents dérobés;∎ she was charged with the task of interviewing applicants on lui confia la tâche d'interroger les candidats;∎ Law the judge charged the jury le juge a fait ses recommandations au jury(g) Electricity charger∎ to charge sb's glass remplir le verre de qn(a) (demand in payment) demander, prendre;∎ how much do you charge? combien demandez-vous ou prenez-vous?;∎ do you charge for delivery? est-ce que vous faites payer la livraison?;∎ he doesn't charge il ne demande ou prend rien∎ the rhino suddenly charged tout d'un coup le rhinocéros a chargé;∎ the crowd charged across the square la foule s'est ruée à travers la place;∎ suddenly two policemen charged into the room tout d'un coup deux policiers ont fait irruption dans la pièce;∎ she charged into/out of her office elle entra dans son/sortit de son bureau au pas de charge∎ charge! à l'assaut!(d) Electricity se charger ou recharger;∎ this battery won't charge cette batterie ne veut pas se charger ou rechargerBritish charge hand sous-chef m d'équipe;British charge nurse infirmier(ère) m,f en chef;British Law charge sheet procès-verbal m (établi par la police avant le passage d'un prévenu devant un tribunal)∎ we were obliged to charge off the whole operation il a fallu imputer l'intégralité du coût de l'opération à l'exercice∎ to charge sth up to sb's account mettre qch sur le compte de qn;∎ could you charge it up? pourriez-vous le mettre sur mon compte?;∎ she charged everything up to her account elle a mis tous les frais sur son compte(b) Electricity charger, recharger(battery) se (re)chargerⓘ THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE Ce célèbre poème de lord Tennyson fut inspiré par un épisode de la guerre de Crimée, en 1854: une poignée de soldats britanniques se sacrifièrent pour sauver le port de Balaklava (tenu par les Anglais, les Français et les Turcs) d'une attaque par les Russes. -
5 Adjectives without nouns
Как правило, прилагательные в английском языке употребляются как определения при существительных или в составе именной части сказуемого. Отдельное использование прилагательных в качестве существительных возможно только в ряде специальных случаев:1) Как существительные употребляются прилагательные, обозначающие определенные известные группы людей, в частности, объединенных каким-либо общим физическим состоянием или общественным положением. При прилагательном ставится определенный артикль the. Такие субстантивированные прилагательные обозначают всю соответствующую группу лиц и не могут указывать на ее отдельных представителей. Эти прилагательные согласуются с глаголом во множественном числе.receive welfare payments from the government — Безработные получают денежные пособия от государства.2) В роли существительных используются некоторые прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на -sh или -ch, которые обозначают национальную принадлежность. Эти прилагательные употребляются с определенным артиклем the и обозначают всю соответствующую нацию, согласуясь с глаголом во множественном числе. К таким прилагательным относятся: British, English, Irish, Welsh, Spanish, Dutch, French.eat cheese almost every day — Французы едят сыр почти каждый день, но в единственном числе:eats cheese almost every day. — Француз ест сыр почти каждый день.were preceded in the whale fishery by the Hollanders, Zealanders, and Danes, from whom they derived many terms still extant in the fishery — Англичане занялись китобойным промыслом после голландцев, зеландцев и датчан, от которых они заимствовали много терминов, до сих пор употребляющихся среди рыбаков3) В официальной речи в качестве субстантивированных употребляются некоторые прилагательные, производные от причастий прошедшего времени. Они используются с определенным артиклем the, и могут означать как одно лицо, так и группу лиц. К таким прилагательным относятся: the accused - обвиняемый, the undersigned - нижеподписавшийся, the deceased - умерший, the betrothed - обрученный, the bereaved - потерявший родственника, а также прилагательные the former - первый (из упомянутых) и the latter - последний (из упомянутых)shall pay all reasonable attorney fees and costs necessary for the collection of this note. — Нижеподписавшийся обязуется оплатить все обоснованные адвокатские услуги и расходы, необходимые для инкассации данного векселя.Mr Smith refused to accept the proposal of Mr Jones, and the latter had to apply to court. — Мистер Смит отказался принять предложение мистера Джоунза, и последний вынужден был обратиться в суд.
4) В качестве существительных могут употребляться прилагательные, обозначающие абстрактные понятия. Такие прилагательные имеют при себе определенный артикль the и согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе:Her books are distinguished by a stylized blend of the real and the unreal. — Ее книги отличаются художественной смесью реального и фантастического.
5) Прилагательное также может быть употреблено без существительного, если соответствующее существительное было упомянуто ранее или легко восстанавливается из контекстаWhat bread have you bought? - Both white and brown. — Какой хлеб ты купила? - И белый, и черный.
He's the richest in the town. — Он самый богатый в городе.
English-Russian grammar dictionary > Adjectives without nouns
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